你不知道的《斷背山》中譯誤區

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最近心血來潮把高中買了只看一頁就放棄的《斷背山》(Brokeback Mountain)原文小說重新拿出來讀,再對照臺灣目前時報出版的唯一中譯版本,網路上有一些留言質疑中譯太急就章,沒有翻出原文作品的意境,我們剛好可以藉這個機會觀察學習原文和中譯的差異,但國內針對原文小說著墨的論文相當稀少,大部分都是基於李安大導的電影版本,所幸在不到一年前剛好有一篇碩論探討小說的中譯本: 黃書琳(2022)。譯文人物個性之呈現-以《斷背山》小說中譯本為例。輔仁大學跨文化研究所翻譯學碩士在職專班碩士論文,新北市。(連結無法正常顯示,可以自行搜尋連結到論文頁面喔) 緒論當中也提到,研究電影需要考慮到導演本身的成長背景思想、編劇手法、取景等較為複雜,與原著的設定有落差,因此這篇文章主要也會聚焦探討原著小說的版本(科普一下《斷背山》原本是Annie Proulx於1997年刊登於The New Yorker的短篇小說得獎作品,1999年收錄在《近情情怯:懷俄明故事集》的最後一篇,2005年與電影劇本獨立出版,同年年底李安執導的電影版本也在美國院線上映)。 研究當中提到中譯的最大問題就是對話中忽略原文背景的人物設定(1960-1980年代美國西部懷俄明州崇尚陽剛的牛仔生活,教育程度普遍不高,且社會氛圍相當壓抑恐同),容易讓讀者產生矛盾、誤解甚至偏見;過度將男同志言語女性化,應是自身文化認為男同性戀者等同陰柔、娘娘腔的刻板印象影響;使用過度文雅含蓄的語句詞彙翻譯原本教育程度不高且粗俗的人物對話;或是有些段落逕行加入主觀的翻譯策略,卻反而改變原本人物個性,扭曲原著欲傳達的訊息。(黃書琳,2022) 上述提到的言語女性化主要會體現在語尾助詞、感嘆詞、形容詞、委婉客氣用字等層面,本篇文章不多加論述(有興趣的讀者可以查看論文內容),而是挑出小說對話中較明顯誤譯,具代表性可以討論的部分,也有可能是論文也沒有挑到錯的地方(本篇文章無意批評任何譯者,翻譯絕非易事,況且短篇小說本來能提供的線索就少,加上故事有獨特的故事背景和人物設定。討論純粹聚焦在文本,希望能讓大家對原文更清晰,一起欣賞作品,如果你對原文有見解或想法也都很歡迎在下方留言一起討論哦~)。之後我也會分集錄影片帶完所有小說的內容,直接從原文下手,懇請舊雨新知持續支持~~ 原文點此:
1. “I didn’t know where in the hell you was,” said Ennis. “Four years. I about give up on you. I figured you was sore about that punch.” (中譯:「我不知道你死到哪裡去了,」恩尼司說。「四年了。差不多準備忘掉你了。我猜那次揍了你一下,讓你不高興了。」) 論文當中提到:「死」到哪裡去應較為女性化的說話方式。這邊我想強調的是give up on這個片語動詞,簡單的動詞跟介係詞就可以配出一拖拉庫不一樣意思的用法,多個介係詞或少個介係詞意思就差很多,學習時不可不慎。give up on+sb在這邊的意思應指 to stop having hope of seeing (someone) 不抱希望會再次見到某人,通常是覺得這個人已經不在了,而不是原本翻譯「忘記」的意思。 2. Count the damn few times we been together in twenty years. Measure the fuckin short leash you keep me on, then ask me about Mexico and then tell me you’ll kill me for needin it and not hardly never gettin it. (中譯:二十年來,我們在一起的次數,你給我算算看。量一量你套在我身上的狗繩有多長,再來問我有沒有去過墨西哥,然後再告訴我,想得到卻幾乎永遠摸不著會害我送掉小命。) 這個地方最尷尬的翻譯就是「套狗繩」,不知所云以為在玩SM(?),keep sb on a short/tight leash是個片語,意思是to control someone carefully and only allow them a small amount of freedom to do what they want,密切控制對方,幾乎不給自由空間才是這個片語的意思;另外「害我送掉小命」這個翻譯感覺是出意外或是被打死的(雖然最後真的是這樣),但這個地方的主詞是you,也就是Ennis,跟原文意思的感覺有點落差。 3. “Twist, you guys wasn’t gettin paid to leave the dogs baby-sit the sheep while you stemmed the rose,” and declined to rehire him. (中譯:崔斯特啊,你們兩個領人家薪水,不是隨便放狗去看羊、自己跑去摘玫瑰就行了。然後拒絕再請他牧羊。) 故事講到恐同工頭Joe用望遠鏡看到他們親密行為後拒絕再聘用他們,「摘玫瑰」也是在上下文看起來相當突兀的詞彙,中文除了有玫瑰少年這個典故之外,摘玫瑰就是最字面上的意思。stem the rose其實是俚語,肛交的意思,stem=penis,rose=anus,跟借代修辭很像,也是比較委婉(euphemistic)的用法。 4. “I doubt there’s nothin now we can do,” said Ennis. “What I’m sayin, Jack, I built a life up in them years. Love my little girls. Alma? It ain’t her fault. You got your baby and wife, that place in Texas. You and me can’t hardly be decent together if what happened back there”—he jerked his head in the direction of the apartment—“grabs” on us like that. We do that in the wrong place we’ll be dead. There’s no reins on this one. It scares the piss out a me.” (中譯:「想得出辦法才怪,」恩尼司說。「我是說啊,傑克,我花了幾年 的工夫建立起一個家。我愛兩個女兒。艾爾瑪呢?這不是她的錯。 你也有兒子和老婆,在德州有個家。你和我一見面成那副德性」── 他擺頭朝自己公寓的方向指去──「抓狂似地黏成一團,兩人在一起 的時候還像話嗎?那種事情找錯地方亂來,肯定死路一條。這事用 韁繩也綁不住。我害怕得不得了。 」) 這裡我們主要看You and me can’t hardly be decent together if what happened back there “grabs” on us like that.翻譯成「你和我一見面成那副德性,抓狂似地黏成一團,兩人在一起 的時候還像話嗎?」姑且不論中文的通順問題,Ennis這裡說的what happened back there應是指小時候看到一對同性牧場工人Earl和Rich同進同出被言語欺凌,接著被爸爸帶到灌溉溝渠看到Earl死在裡面,被橇胎棒(tire iron)打死,拖行斷根,血流如柱的慘狀;grab用引號代表形象(figurative)用法,可理解成:一旦這類事情找上他們,就沒有辦法繼續相處在一起。decent指合乎常規的,普遍為當時大眾接受的。(其實grab一般當動詞是用力抓的意思,不會是情侶間舒服親密愛撫的那種摸,而且grab原文的主詞是what happened back there,是「事情」,不是人,所以這邊可以發現原文跟翻譯相去甚遠。) 5. Ennis said he’d been putting the blocks to a woman who worked part-time at the Wolf Ears bar in Signal where he was working now for Car Scrope’s cow-and-calf outfit, but it wasn’t going anywhere and she had some problems he didn’t want. (中譯:恩尼司說他目前在訊諾的司道麥農場照顧母牛與小牛,當地有個女人在狼耳酒吧兼差,恩尼司對她有好感,但是兩人苦無進展,而且她有些問題恩尼司不願沾上邊。) 這裡的翻譯問題一樣是在俚語,put the blocks to sb 其實就是to have sex with sb,至於有沒有好感不得而知。會誤翻大概是從but it wasn’t going anywhere(沒結果)回推腦補這個片語的意思。 6. Lucky enough. Friend a mine got his oil checked with a horn dipstick and that was all she wrote. Bunch a other things, fuckin busted ribs, sprains and pains, torn ligaments. (中譯:萬幸的是,我有個朋友拿了一支牛角當測油量尺般來刺死大牛,刺得大牛斷氣。另外還摔到其他地方,斷了幾根他媽的肋骨,扭傷痠痛,韌帶拉傷。) Ennis問Jack為什麼沒去當兵,他回答因為騎牛骨折傷痕累累,有一次被大牛摔下來後朝他而衝,接下來講了這段話。這段話的誤譯也是屬於嚴重程度的,事實上不是朋友刺死大牛,而是朋友被大牛刺死,所以才說自己很幸運。Friend a mine got his oil checked with a horn dipstick and that was all she wrote.其實是A friend of mine got bloodily gored (v.動物用角頂傷) by a bull’s horn and was killed.,oil check俚語中是戳屁眼的意思,that’s all she wrote來自Dear John letters分手信的概念,意思就是故事結束了,沒有什麼好說了,在這個上下文就是朋友葛屁了。另外torn ligament應該是韌帶斷裂或韌帶撕裂,拉傷應為pulled ligament。 謝謝大家這麼厲害讀到這邊,希望以上分析能讓你對原著描述的勾勒更清晰,最後放上小說裡面我最喜歡的段落作為結束。現今BL作品已經遍地開花,但回到25年前保守風氣的美國,同志題材作品仍為一大挑戰,電影製作也曾苦於找不到演員、導演願意接拍的困境,最後勇奪多項大獎,也深植在許多人心中成為經典。 What Jack remembered and craved in a way he could neither help nor understand was the time that distant summer on Brokeback when Ennis had come up behind him and pulled him close, the silent embrace satisfying some shared and sexless hunger. They had stood that way for a long time in front of the fire, its burning tossing ruddy chunks of light, the shadow of their bodies a single column against the rock. The minutes ticked by from the round watch in Ennis’s pocket, from the sticks in the fire settling into coals. Stars bit through the wavy heat layers above the fire. Ennis’s breath came slow and quiet, he hummed, rocked a little in the sparklight, and Jack leaned against the steady heartbeat, the vibrations of the humming like faint electricity and, standing, he fell into sleep that was not sleep but something else drowsy and tranced until Ennis, dredging up a rusty but still usable phrase from the childhood time before his mother died, said, “Time to hit the hay, cowboy. I got a go. Come on, you’re sleepin on your feet like a horse,” and gave Jack a shake, a push, and went off in the darkness. Jack heard his spurs tremble as he mounted, the words “See you tomorrow,” and the horse’s shuddering snort, grind of hoof on stone. Later, that dozy embrace solidified in his memory as the single moment of artless, charmed happiness in their separate and difficult lives. Nothing marred it, even the knowledge that Ennis would not then embrace him face to face because he did not want to see or feel that it was Jack he held. And maybe, he thought, they’d never got much farther than that. Let be, let be. 電影預告:
Obituary😢: (Heath Ledger)
(Larry McMurtry,電影編劇)
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