上一篇介紹了同樣難度高但也是相當重要的單字abjure，今天來看看它的ab好鄰居abrogate：
abrogate［formal］（transitive verb）
（字源）ab–（away）＋rogate（to propose (a law), ask, request），延伸字包含interrogate（inter–：between＋rogate：to question）相互問，也就是「訊問、審問」的意思；prerogative（pre–：before＋rogate：to ask a favor）能讓你比別人先要到好處的東西，也就是「特權」。
（形變）abrogation［noun］
（Merriam-Webster）［1］to abolish by authoritative, official, or formal action：ANNUL, REPEAL（正式廢除）〈The U.S. Congress can abrogate old treaties that are unfair to Native Americans.〉（美國國會能廢除對美國原住民不公的舊有條約。）［2］to treat as nonexistent：to fail to do what is required by（something, such as a responsibility）（視為無物；未履行責任）〈The company's directors are accused of abrogating their responsibilities.〉（公司董事遭控未能盡到責任。）［3］to suppress or prevent（a biological function or process and especially an immune response）（壓抑或預防免疫反應）〈Continued progress in measurement and characterization of antibodies and strategies to abrogate antibody production both prior to and following heart transplant have been encouraging.〉（抗體測定、示性的持續進展，及心臟移植前後控制抗體製造的策略揭開了一線希望。）—第三定義留個印象就好，abrogate的核心涵義還是放在前兩個。
（American Heritage）to abolish, do away with, or annul, especially by authority〈Our existing Aboriginal and treaty rights were now part of the supreme law of the land, and could not be abrogated or denied by any government.（Matthew Coon Come）〉（現存原住民及條約的權利已納入國家最高法律，不得為任何政府廢止或剝奪。）
（Chambers）to cancel（a law, agreement, etc）formally or officially
（Collins Cobuild）If someone in a position of authority abrogates something such as a law, agreement, or practice, they put an end to it.
（近義字辨析）nullify指對力量、效用或價值的完全制約，比如a penalty nullified the touchdown（判罰抵銷觸地得分）；negate指兩者間的破壞、對消，比如the arguments negate each other（論點相互制約）；annul跟abrogate都指法律上或正式廢除、失效，abrogate語意又更強烈一些，比如the treaty annuls all previous agreements（這份條約廢除先前的協議）或a law to abrogate trading privileges（終止交易特權的法律）；invalidate藉由宣告其邏輯上、道德上或法律上的瑕疵達到失勢的效果，比如the court invalidated the statute（法庭宣布法令作廢）。
（易混淆字）abdicate指國家元首或皇室成員自願退位，第二定義也是未盡責任，跟abrogate的第二定義一樣，不過英式英文中較常見。如果只是一般工作辭職會用resign而不會用abdicate。還有一個字跟abrogate長得很像：arrogate，但意思完全不同，arrogate是「擅取、自作主張」，用法是arrogate sth to oneself，不過常會倒裝把to oneself放到中間變成arrogate to oneself sth，主要是因為sth可能會有修飾成分較長（以to不定詞為大宗），所以甩到後面才不會看起來頭重腳輕，比如They've arrogated to themselves the power to change the rules arbitrarily.（他們自作主張，恣意更改規定）或She arrogated the leadership role to herself.（她僭越了領導身分。），第一個例句中的arbitrary也是非常重要的單字「隨意的；專斷的」，核心涵義就是「我想幹嘛就幹嘛」，例子如an arbitrary decision（隨意的決定）或a country under arbitrary government（專制政府統治的國家），相關字capricious「反覆無常的」。
另外還有一個易混淆的難字abnegate，意思是「否認、棄絕（deny；renounce）」或是「讓予（surrender；relinquish）」，不過這個動詞相對罕用，更常用的是名詞型態abnegation，定義就是denial/renunciation，或是self-denial「自制、克己」，比如Monks practice abnegation of the material aspects of human life.（修道士克制塵世的物質層面慾望。）還有一個例句出自5/1經濟學人出刊的The most dangerous place on Earth，頭版文章引發廣大迴響，當中的Briefing專欄中就用到了abnegation（文章中取的是denial的意思）：
In recent years China’s rhetoric towards Taiwan has sounded new notes of impatience. And the crushing abnegation of its promise to observe “one country, two systems” in Hong Kong over the past two years has deepened Taiwanese distrust.
近年來中國對臺灣的言談之辭逐漸失去耐心。過去這兩年中國徹底撕裂對香港「一國兩制」的承諾也加深了臺灣人民的不信任。
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