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今天Teacher Barney讓我用最簡單的方式告訴你喔!
首先,你分得清楚這三句話嗎?
1. If I have time, I will go to your party.2. If I had time, I would go to your party.3. If I had had time, I would have gone to your party.
分不清楚的話沒關係,看完這篇你就清楚明白囉!
我們從基本的三種假設語氣講起:
一、現在與未來相反(事情還未發生時使用)句型為 If S+V(現在是動詞), S will V.
註:這是其中一種方法,第一種用法代表你假設的句子是在現在與未來都可能發生。
句型一: If you study hard, you will get a good grade. 如果努力讀書,你就會有好成績(聽起來像我國小老師)
句型二:If the sun shines all day, we will stay at home. 如果陽光普照一整天,我們就會當待在家。
句型三: If you don’t do what I suggested, you will deal with the consequences yourself. 如果你不照我的做,你就要自行承擔後果。
二、與現在事實相反
第二種用法指你假設的句子跟現在的事實相反,例如假設自己是別人,假設自己很閒(但實際上現在很忙)。
注意:結果句必須用帶有過去意思的情態助動詞,也就是would, should, could, might,不能用will, can, may唷
以上述例句解釋:
例句一:If I had time, I would go to your party. (如果我現在有空,我就會去你的派對)“If I had time" → 用過去簡單式表達與現在事實相反的假設,現在的事實是我現在沒空“I would go to your party" → 用助動詞would+原V,表達與現在事實(我會去你的派對)相反的假設此例句隱含的意思是「我現在沒空,所以我現在無法去你的派對」。
例句比較:If I have time, I will go to your party. (如果我有空,我就會去你的派對)
此例句使用上面第一種用法(現在與未來皆真實)的句型三,意思是如果我有空(我現在可能有空、可能沒空),我(在有空的時間)會去你的派對。
很奇妙吧!中文聽起來差不多,但英文時態用的不一樣,就代表了不一樣的意思!
例句二:If I were you, I wouldn’t do that. (如果我是你,我不會這麼做)If條件句使用過去式Be動詞,表示與現在事實相反,我現在不可能是你。注意!這個句型的beV只能用were,例如"if I were you"、" if she were me"、" if he were her",不能用was哦
三、與過去事實相反(這個部分小小難,如果過去完成式的概念沒那麼清楚,建議可以先去看懂完成式的脈絡,或者私訊我,我這邊可以提供給你免費的講義)
第三種用法指你假設的句子與過去的事實相反,也就是對過去發生的事情做假設。
例句一:If he had had a phone, he could have called his parents.. (如果當時他有手機,他就可以打給他父母親)
“If he had had the phone" → 用過去完成式代表他當時沒有手機,
“he could have called his parents" → 用could+現在完成式代表他當時可以打給他爸媽
與過去事實相反的假設,英文句子裡不會特別寫出時間點,但從時態就可以知道它是要表達「當時」
例句二:If he hadn’t apologized, they might have gotten divorced. (如果他當時沒有道歉,他們可能就會離婚了)
“If he hadn’t apologized" → 用過去完成式假設他當時有道歉
“they might have gotten divorced." → 用might+現在完成式隱含著他們沒有離婚的事實
現在你分得清楚這三句了嗎?
1. If I have time, I will go to your party. 如果我明天(或未來時間)有空,我會去你的派對。(不一定會去)2. If I had time, I would go to your party. 如果我現在有空,我就會去你的派對。(現在去不了)3. If I had had time, I would have gone to your party.如果我當時有空,我就會去你的派對。 (當時去不了)
大家都學會基本的假設語氣句型了嗎?來檢視一下自己有沒有確實理解吧!
➢Exercise:1. If we _____ (to take) MRT, we could arrive here earlier. (如果搭捷運,我們就可以早點到這裡了)2. Stacy _____ (be) angry if she knows that you broke her favorite vase. (如果Stacy知道你打破了她最愛的花瓶,她會非常生氣)3. Linda would have caught the train if it _____ (to rain). (如果沒下雨, Linda就會趕上火車了)
(答案在最下面喔!)
本文參考了 https://www.cw.com.tw/article/5082766 【秒殺文法】超實用的IF假設語氣,讓你看一次就明白!
If 條件句真的滿容易的,但是也滿容易搞不懂LOL
以上的講解您聽不太懂或是需要老師唸給你可以再私訊我喔!
以下是一個自我英文能力測驗的連結,題目大約有25題,寫完就可以大概知道自己的英文程度喔~~試試看吧!
https://forms.gle/z9JidtTmKWSXiPAS7➢Exercise答案:
1. took
2. will be
3. had not rained

