如果妳同時符合以下兩項以上,請務必把這篇文章讀完之後,盡快安排專業評估:
從未接種過 HPV 疫苗,或只打過 2 價、4 價舊版
目前年齡 27 - 45 歲,且仍有性生活
年齡超過 45 歲,但有新伴侶或非單一伴侶關係
男性伴侶從未接種 HPV 疫苗
抹片曾出現 ASCUS、LSIL、HSIL 等異常結果
家族有子宮頸癌、頭頸癌、肛門癌病史
自體免疫疾病或長期使用免疫抑制劑
長期抽菸、嚼檳榔(口咽癌共病風險)
這幾項中,每一項都是 HPV 相關癌症的獨立風險因子;當它們同時存在,代表妳的免疫防線正在多軌承壓。請記得,這不是嚇唬妳 - 這是身體在還沒變成疾病之前,給妳的選擇權。
八、從預防開始,找回女性平衡醫學的選擇權
HPV 疫苗不是一個「年輕女生才需要的事」,更不是「結婚就免疫的事」。
它是少數能在「還來得及的時候」就改變癌症軌跡的工具,而且不只保護子宮頸,還涵蓋了頭頸癌、肛門癌、外陰癌與生殖器疣。男生與女生都該打,因為親密關係本來就是兩個人的事。法規寫的 9 - 45 歲是仿單上限,不是醫學上限 - 只要妳曾經或目前仍有性行為,超過 45 歲依然可以與妳的醫師共同決策後接種。9 價疫苗目前的科學證據顯示,至少能提供 10 年以上的高保護力。
每個女性的免疫狀態、代謝路徑、雌激素代謝、微菌相都不一樣,HPV 預防沒有一套標準答案。建議可至初悅婦研診所預約大象醫師的「女性平衡醫學三大系統初步評估」,從內分泌平衡、代謝平衡與結構平衡三個面向進行整體判讀,搭配功能醫學的免疫力、微量營養素與基因評估,在還來得及的時候,作出屬於自己的選擇。
雖然 HPV 不是錯,性生活也不是錯,但當疫苗、免疫力、雌激素代謝同時失衡,就會變成那種「我每幾年抹片都在害怕」的感受。「女性平衡醫學」相信,真正的健康不是等到診斷出來才正視,而是在還能改變軌跡的時候,找回身體原本的節奏。
因為真正重要的從來不是病毒有沒有清掉,而是妳是否能重新成為自己身體的主導者。
我們就從這個月開始,慢慢調整。
參考文獻(References)
Chaturvedi AK, Engels EA, Pfeiffer RM, Hernandez BY, Xiao W, Kim E, et al. Human papillomavirus and rising oropharyngeal cancer incidence in the United States. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Nov 10;29(32):4294-301. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2011.36.4596. PMID: 21969503.
Gillison ML, Chaturvedi AK, Anderson WF, Fakhry C. Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus-Positive Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Oct 10;33(29):3235-42. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2015.61.6995. PMID: 26351338.
de Martel C, Plummer M, Vignat J, Franceschi S. Worldwide burden of cancer attributable to HPV by site, country and HPV type. Int J Cancer. 2017 Aug 15;141(4):664-670. doi: 10.1002/ijc.30716. PMID: 28369882.
Joura EA, Giuliano AR, Iversen OE, Bouchard C, Mao C, Mehlsen J, et al. A 9-valent HPV vaccine against infection and intraepithelial neoplasia in women. N Engl J Med. 2015 Feb 19;372(8):711-23. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1405044. PMID: 25693011.
Kjaer SK, Nygård M, Sundström K, Dillner J, Tryggvadottir L, Munk C, et al. Final analysis of a 14-year long-term follow-up study of the effectiveness and immunogenicity of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in women from four nordic countries. EClinicalMedicine. 2020 Jun 18;23:100401. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100401. PMID: 32637895.
Pinto LA, Dillner J, Beddows S, Unger ER. Immunogenicity of HPV prophylactic vaccines: Serology assays and their use in HPV vaccine evaluation and development. Vaccine. 2018 Aug 6;36(32 Pt A):4792-4799. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.11.089. PMID: 29361344.
Castellsagué X, Muñoz N, Pitisuttithum P, Ferris D, Monsonego J, Ault K, et al. End-of-study safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of quadrivalent HPV vaccine in adult women 24-45 years of age. Br J Cancer. 2011 Jul 5;105(1):28-37. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2011.185. PMID: 21629249.
Meites E, Szilagyi PG, Chesson HW, Unger ER, Romero JR, Markowitz LE. Human Papillomavirus Vaccination for Adults: Updated Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019 Aug 16;68(32):698-702. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6832a3. PMID: 31415491.
Lei J, Ploner A, Elfström KM, Wang J, Roth A, Fang F, et al. HPV Vaccination and the Risk of Invasive Cervical Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2020 Oct 1;383(14):1340-1348. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1917338. PMID: 32997908.
Falcaro M, Castañon A, Ndlela B, Checchi M, Soldan K, Lopez-Bernal J, et al. The effects of the national HPV vaccination programme in England, UK, on cervical cancer and grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia incidence: a register-based observational study. Lancet. 2021 Dec 4;398(10316):2084-2092. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02178-4. PMID: 34741816.
Piyathilake CJ, Macaluso M, Brill I, Heimburger DC, Partridge EE. Lower red blood cell folate enhances the HPV-16-associated risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Nutrition. 2007 Mar;23(3):203-10. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2006.12.002. PMID: 17276036.
Chung SH, Wiedmeyer K, Shai A, Korach KS, Lambert PF. Requirement for estrogen receptor alpha in a mouse model for human papillomavirus-associated cervical cancer. Cancer Res. 2008 Dec 1;68(23):9928-34. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-2051. PMID: 19047173.
Mitra A, MacIntyre DA, Marchesi JR, Lee YS, Bennett PR, Kyrgiou M. The vaginal microbiota, human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: what do we know and where are we going next? Microbiome. 2016 Nov 1;4(1):58. doi: 10.1186/s40168-016-0203-0. PMID: 27802830.
Deshmukh AA, Suk R, Shiels MS, Sonawane K, Nyitray AG, Liu Y, et al. Recent Trends in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anus Incidence and Mortality in the United States, 2001-2015. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2020 Aug 1;112(8):829-838. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djz219. PMID: 31742639.
Backes DM, Kurman RJ, Pimenta JM, Smith JS. Systematic review of human papillomavirus prevalence in invasive penile cancer. Cancer Causes Control. 2009 May;20(4):449-57. doi: 10.1007/s10552-008-9276-9. PMID: 19082746.
Bao YP, Li N, Smith JS, Qiao YL; ACCPAB members. Human papillomavirus type distribution in women from Asia: a meta-analysis. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2008 Jan-Feb;18(1):71-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2007.00959.x. PMID: 17466054.
Chen HC, Schiffman M, Lin CY, Pan MH, You SL, Chuang LC, et al. Persistence of type-specific human papillomavirus infection and increased long-term risk of cervical cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2011 Sep 21;103(18):1387-96. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djr283. PMID: 21900119.
Lin H, Ma YY, Moh JS, Ou YC, Shen SY, ChangChien CC. High prevalence of genital human papillomavirus type 52 and 58 infection in women attending gynecologic practitioners in South Taiwan. Gynecol Oncol. 2006 Apr;101(1):40-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.09.028. PMID: 16263163.
Wang R, Guo XL, Wisman GB, Schuuring E, Wang WF, Zeng ZY, et al. Nationwide prevalence of human papillomavirus infection and viral genotype distribution in 37 cities in China. BMC Infect Dis. 2015 Jul 30;15:257. doi: 10.1186/s12879-015-0998-5. PMID: 26226046.